Kadercan, Burak 2017. Territorial design and grand strategy in the Ottoman Empire. Territory, Politics, Governance, Vol. 5, Issue. 2, p. 158. Rega Castro, Iván 2018. The “new Lepanto”? John V of ...

Kuran, Timur 2004. The Economic Ascent of the Middle East’s Religious Minorities: The Role of Islamic Legal Pluralism. The Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 33, Issue. 2, p. 475. Rothman, E. Natalie 2006 ...

Rageh Omaar traces the history of the Ottoman empire. A super-power of a million square miles, it matched the glories of Ancient Rome and collapsed less than a hundred years ago ...

In his eyes, he is a Sultan and a Caliph. He sought to bypass the secular heritage of Ataturk and reinstate a caliphate like that of Ottoman times, which also ruled over Jerusalem. This is why he ...

Built 1,500 years ago as an Orthodox Christian cathedral, Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque after the Ottoman conquest in 1453. In 1934 it became a museum and is now a Unesco World Heritage ...